The Independent Municipal Fund: How does the state distribute its shares without any studies?
In the last month of 2024, Decree 14492 was approved to distribute the revenues of the Independent Municipal Fund for the year 2022, which distributes shares to municipalities, based on a number of …



Beirut, the Confiscated City:
From Privatizing the Waterfront to Expelling the Displaced
This commentary examines Decree No. 5665/1994, which transferred approximately 291,800 square meters of reclaimed public maritime land in central Beirut to Solidere as part of the post-war reconstruction process. It revisits the decree in light of the ongoing governmental debate over extending the company’s mandate and the eviction of displaced families from the BIEL waterfront, questioning its impacts on public property, Beirut’s waterfront, and the right to the city.